Has Globalization spread Democracy around the world Globalization is a complex and controversial process. It has changed the world in many ways and has brought several countries together. However, as well as bringing countries together in some ways, it has also driven them apart. One of the most controversial changes it has made is to the political culture of many countries around the world. Many scholars such as David Held would agree that democracy is commonly being regarded as the best form of government. Liberty City Stories Pc. However, is globalization solely responsible for the spread of democracy around the worldThe concept of democracy is derived from the Ancient Greek term dmokrata which means rule of the people and it defines a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system. Dictionary. Unabridged. Random House n. This form of government, however, has become increasingly popular since the demise of communism in the late 1. Hence it is widely regarded that Democracy is a cornerstone of human dignity and the good society. A public should shape its own destiny, even if some might doubt the wisdom of certain of democratic decisions taken. A society that is not striving after democracy tends to be a less worthy and also more dangerous place. Scholte 2. Academia. Globalisering er betegnelsen for en voksende kulturel og konomisk udveksling mellem verdens forskellige lande, isr i form af varer og produkter, mennesker, penge. Global citizenship is the rights, responsibilities and duties that come with being a member of the global entity as a citizen of a particular nation or place. Parallelly, globalization has also become an increasingly popular process that countries are opening themselves too. The concept was created in the late 1. American entrepreneur Charles Russell, but was only popularized in the 1. Pro globalists would argue it is inevitable for countries to open themselves up to globalization. There are too many benefits and the ones that do not, become isolated from the rest of the world. Hence, this essay will examine if globalization has led these countries to opt for a democratic form of government and if so, what the reasons were behind it. Many scholars such as Jens Bartelson would agree with the idea that globalization poses a threat to the democratic state instead of aiding its expansion. It is believed that it undermines the essential requirements of state autonomy, patriotism and national identity Bartelson 2. For this reason, one could argue that political globalization could be a contradiction in terms. One of the anti globalist theories is that globalization is causing the decline of the nation state, as governments no longer have control over their economy, their trade and their borders. Nation states may have in the past been in complete control of their markets, exchange rates and capital. S.jpg' alt='Download Jan Aart Scholte Globalization A Critical Introduction Pdf' />Now, trans national companies are becoming increasingly imperative to the economy, and the state is becoming obsolete. This supports the argument that globalization is reducing the power of democracy and the state, resulting in hollow democracy. Sceptics believe that while globalization promotes opportunity for growth and increase in wealth, it has also increased the socio economic disparity between people, making nations less democratic and progressively more ruled by the wealthy multi nationals. This means that governments now try and compete for foreign capital and design their policies to please global investors and firms, who may not act in the best interest of, nor be held accountable to, the voters. It follows that the level of democracy declines. Quan Reuveny 2. Also, scholars such as Peter Drucker argue that globalization cripples even more those who are less fortunate, as previously stated. Companies who are unable to compete with multi nationals on an international scale lose from more economic openness. The results of this loss cause a weakening in the countrys democracy Drucker 1. The unfortunate losers in the globalization battle thus, tend to seek support and unity with their identities, usually based on religion or ethnicity. This encourages the prosperous economic winners to maintain their edge over the poorer and reduce their competition. These actions intensify social inequality and undermine the progress democracy has made Robertson 1. This inequality, however, is not only carried out on a national scale. Kommunikasjon og kultur 3. Fagstoff til eksamen Innhold p ndla. PDF eller ePubformat som hjelpemidler til eksamen. Disse filene kan lagres. PANOECONOMICUS, 2006, 1, str. Book Review J. Baylis, S. Smith The Globalization of World Politics An introduction to international. Kilauea Mount Etna Mount Yasur Mount Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira Piton de la Fournaise Erta Ale. Even in the international community, globalization has increased the cleavage between the developed countries from the north and the developing countries from the south. In international organizations such as the United Nations it is commonly witnessed that the elite wealthy countries always have the final say in conflicts or important issues that are discussed, which ends up swaying the domestic politics of less developed countries to their favour Samir 1. Another argument made by many such as ODonnell is that in order for a stable and functioning democracy to work, the concept of citizenship and participation must be active and embedded in the population. Globalization has transformed the common citizen into an individual who is more willing to pursue its own economic interest than to be concerned with the content of public policy ODonnell 1. As observed, there are many reasons as to how globalization has weakened democracy around the world. However, like any controversial issue, it is important to evaluate the two sides of the argument to fully comprehend the implications of the statement. For this reason, there are several claims of notable scholars that defend the idea that globalization has spread democracy around the world. According to Schumpeters Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy globalization has helped promote economic development which has augmented the number of educated and well trained citizens, which has resulted, contrastingly to previous statements, in a decrease in economic inequality. Even though globalization has many advantages and one of them is the opportunity for economic growth both at an individual and a national level. This means that. This illustrates the freedom and development of the people in allowing them to prosper from the benefits of globalization. As previously stated, globalization has increased the power of multi nationals. However, differently to what has been stated, international businesses demand an increase in democracy. In order for businesses to grow, peace and stability must be entrenched in all potential investment countries. Subsequently, as democratic countries scarcely ever fight with each other, there is an increase in the demand for a democratic form of government. As economic links among states expand, authoritarian countries experience an increase in pressure from trans national companies for political liberalization. These authoritarian states, as a result of globalization have fewer incentives to cling to power or proceed with their radical policies. Globalization encourages authoritarian states to decentralize power as they hand over their control to make progress for the market, which is fundamentally democratic. This concept of allowing the economy to fluctuate is known as laissez faire, a French expression meaning let it be which allows industries to be free from state involvement in restrictions such as taxes and state monopolies. Download Jan Aart Scholte Globalization A Critical Introduction Pdf' />Many other advantages of globalization also help promote democracy. The reduction in information and travelling costs mean that people have access to a lot more information not only from their government but from all over the world. This means democracies can now promote their values and ideals to autocratic countries a lot more freely, as autocracies have diminishing control over information. Hanen 1. 99. 0 Other advantages of globalization reducing borders is that is strengthens the distribution of democratic values over borders. Global citizenship Wikipedia. Global citizenship is the rights, responsibilities and duties that come with being a member of the global entity as a citizen of a particular nation or place. The idea is that ones identity transcends geography or political borders and that responsibilities or rights are or can be derived from membership in a broader class humanity. This does not mean that such a person denounces or waives their nationality or other, more local identities, but such identities are given second place to their membership in a global community. Extended, the idea leads to questions about the state of global society in the age of globalization. In general usage, the term may have much the same meaning as world citizen or cosmopolitan, but it also has additional, specialized meanings in differing contexts. Various organizations, such as the World Service Authority, have advocated global citizenship. EducationeditIn education, the term is most often used to describe a worldview or a set of values toward which education is oriented see, for example, the priorities of the Global Education First Initiative led by the Secretary General of the United Nations. The term global society is sometimes used to indicate a global studies set of learning objectives for students to prepare them for global citizenship see, for example, the Global Studies Center at the University of Pittsburgh. Global citizenship educationeditWithin the educational system, the concept of global citizenship education GCED is beginning to supersede or overarch movements such as multicultural education, peace education, human rights education, Education for Sustainable Development and international education. Additionally, GCED rapidly incorporates references to the aforementioned movements. The concept of global citizenship has been linked with awards offered for helping humanity. Teachers are being given the responsibility of being social change agents. Audrey Osler, director of the Centre for Citizenship and Human Rights Education, the University of Leeds, affirms that Education for living together in an interdependent world is not an optional extra, but an essential foundation. With GCED gaining attention, scholars are investigating the field and developing perspectives. The following are a few of the more common perspectives Critical and transformative perspective. Citizenship is defined by being a member with rights and responsibilities. Therefore, GCED must encourage active involvement. GCED can be taught from a critical and transformative perspective, whereby students are thinking, feeling, and doing. In this approach, GCED requires students to be politically critical and personally transformative. Teachers provide social issues in a neutral and grade appropriate way for students to understand, grapple with, and do something about. Worldmindedness. Graham Pike and David Selby view GCED as having two strands. Worldmindedness, the first strand, refers to understanding the world as one unified system and a responsibility to view the interests of individual nations with the overall needs of the planet in mind. The second strand, Child centeredness, is a pedagogical approach that encourages students to explore and discover on their own and addresses each learner as an individual with inimitable beliefs, experiences, and talents. Holistic Understanding. The Holistic Understanding perspective was founded by Merry Merryfield, focusing on understanding the self in relation to a global community. This perspective follows a curriculum that attends to human values and beliefs, global systems, issues, history, cross cultural understandings, and the development of analytical and evaluative skills. PhilosophyeditGlobal citizenship, in some contexts, may refer to a brand of ethics or political philosophy in which it is proposed that the core social, political, economic and environmental realities of the world today should be addressed at all levelsby individuals, civil society organizations, communities and nation statesthrough a global lens. It refers to a broad, culturally and environmentally inclusive worldview that accepts the fundamental interconnectedness of all things. Political, geographic borders become irrelevant and solutions to todays challenges are seen to be beyond the narrow vision of national interests. Proponents of this philosophy often point to Diogenes of Sinope c. B. C. as an example, given his reported declaration that I am a citizen of the world, cosmopolites in response to a question about his place of origin. A Sanskrit term, Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, has the meaning of the world is one family. The earliest reference to this phrase is found in the Hitopadesha, a collection of parables. In the Mahopanishad VI. Brahman the one supreme, universal Spirit that is the origin and support of the phenomenal universe. The statement is not just about peace and harmony among the societies in the world, but also about a truth that somehow the whole world has to live together like a family. Psychological StudieseditRecently, global pollsters and psychologists have studied individual differences in the sense of global citizenship. Beginning in 2. 00. World Values Survey, administered across almost 1. I see myself as a world citizen. For smaller studies, several multi item scales have been developed, including Sam Mc. Farland and colleagues Identification with All Humanity scale e. How much do you identify with that is, feel a part of, feel love toward, have concern for. Anna Malsch and Alan Omotos Psychological Sense of Global Community e. I feel a sense of connection to people all over the world, even if I dont know them personally,1. Gerhard Reese and colleagues Global Social Identity scale e. I feel strongly connected to the world community as a whole. Stephen Reysen and Katzarska Millers global citizenship identification scale e. I strongly identify with global citizens. These measures are strongly related to one another, but they are not fully identical. Studies of the psychological roots of global citizenship have found that persons high in global citizenship are also high on the personality traits of openness to experience and agreeableness from the Big Five personality traits and high in empathy and caring. Oppositely, the authoritarian personality, the social dominance orientation and psychopathy are all associated with less global human identification. Some of these traits are influenced by heredity as well as by early experiences, which, in turn, likely influence individuals receptiveness to global human identification. Not surprisingly, those who are high in global human identification are less prejudiced toward many groups, care more about international human rights, worldwide inequality, global poverty and human suffering. They attend more actively to global concerns, value the lives of all human beings more equally, and give more in time and money to international humanitarian causes. They tend to be more politically liberal on both domestic and international issues. They want their countries to do more to alleviate global suffering. Following a social identity approach, Reysen and Katzarska Miller tested a model showing the antecedents and outcomes of global citizenship identification i.

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He followed this in 2007 with Jesus Price Supastar and Mic Tyson in 2012. Songs in the Key of Price, a mixtape recorded before Price's death, was released posthumously on August 21, 2015. In 2011, Price was a judge on the Ultimate MC TV show alongside Royce da 5'9', Organik, Planet Asia, and Pharoahe Monch.

Sean Duval Price (March 17, 1972 – August 8, 2015)^[1] was an American rapper and member of the hip hop collective Boot Camp Clik.^[2] He was half of the duo Heltah Skeltah, performing under the name Ruckus (sometimes abbreviated as Ruck), along with partner Rock.

Early life and education[edit]

Growing up in the borough of Brooklyn, Price was a member of the Decepticons in high school.^[3]

Career[edit]

A member of the underground hip hop collective Boot Camp Clik, Price first appeared on Smif-N-Wessun's 1995 album Dah Shinin'. He would soon resurface in 1996 as one half of the critically acclaimed Brooklyn duo Heltah Skeltah, who released their debut album Nocturnal on Duck Down Records that year. Heltah Skeltah would go on to release two more albums: 1998's Magnum Force and 2008's D.I.R.T..

In the 2000s, Price established himself as a strong force in the underground hip hop community. In 2005, he released his first solo album Monkey Barz, to critical acclaim. He followed this in 2007 with Jesus Price Supastar and Mic Tyson in 2012. Songs in the Key of Price, a mixtape recorded before Price's death, was released posthumously on August 21, 2015.

In 2011, Price was a judge on the Ultimate MC TV show alongside Royce da 5'9', Organik, Planet Asia, and Pharoahe Monch.^[4]

Price was interviewed on the online series Grand Angel TV in 2008^[5] and 2010,^[6] with Paid Dues performance footage alongside Boot Camp Clik and Dru Ha, respectively.

In 2011, he formed the group Random Axe with Guilty Simpson and producer Black Milk.

He had a planned collaborative album with rapper Ill Bill in the works, called The Pill.^[7]

Death[edit]

On August 8, 2015, Price died at the age of 43. Details were not immediately available, but a statement from his reps confirmed his death, while adding that he died in his sleep. 'It is with beyond a heavy heart that Duck Down Music is sadly confirming that Sean Price passed away early this morning in his Brooklyn apartment, Saturday, August 8th, 2015,' read the statement. 'The cause of death is currently unknown, but it was reported that he died in his sleep. He's survived by his three children.'^[8]

Personal life[edit]

Price was a cousin of Roc-A-Fella Records rapper Memphis Bleek.^[9] He was also close friends with actor Ryan Phillippe.^[10]

Price lived in Brownsville, Brooklyn.^[11]

He was a Muslim, having converted in 2009.^[12]

Discography[edit]

Studio albums

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• Monkey Barz (2005)
• Jesus Price Supastar (2007)
• Mic Tyson (2012)
• Imperius Rex (2017)

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References[edit]

1. ^https://www.ascap.com/repertory#ace/work/880799375
2. ^'Sean Price biography'. allmusic. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
3. ^'Memory Lane: Sean Price Takes Us Back to School'. 22 October 2012.
4. ^''Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2012-05-21.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
5. ^GRAND ANGEL TV 3 – Paid Dues 2008/ Sean Price Interview. YouTube. 3 April 2008.
6. ^Grand Angel TV #13: Sean Price Interview & Performances. YouTube. 3 October 2010.
7. ^HipHopDX (28 June 2011). 'Sean Price Talks Random Axe And New Album With Ill Bill'. HipHopDX.
8. ^'Sean Price, Of Heltah Skeltah, Dead At 43'. BallerStatus.com. August 8, 2015.
9. ^Ahmed, Insanul (25 February 2011). 'Quote of The Day: Sean Price and Memphis Bleek Are Cousins'. Complex.com. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
10. ^Steiner, B.J. 'Sean Price: Rap Game Incredible Hulk'. Vice.com. Vice Media LLC. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
11. ^Horowitz, Steven J. (June 22, 2011). 'Sean Price Names His Top Five Favorite Brooklyn Rappers'. HipHopDX. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
12. ^Price, Sean (29 October 2012). 'Sean Price Interviews Scarface: They Discuss Religion, Emceeing & Ultimate Rap Collaborations'. HipHopDX. Retrieved 22 December 2018.

External links[edit]

• Sean Price at IMDb